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Understanding Fever
Last Updated: December 9, 2022 ; Expected Update: 2025.
When children experience a fever, it is not always necessary to administer medication to reduce it. However, if the child is severely unwell or their temperature reaches 40°C (104°F) or higher, it may be advisable to manage the fever.
If a child has a fever and feels unwell, distinguishing whether the discomfort is due to the fever or the underlying condition can be challenging. Lowering the fever may not necessarily alleviate their symptoms.
There are two primary methods to reduce a fever: using medication or external cooling techniques. While some parents aim to prevent febrile seizures with medication, studies indicate that such drugs cannot always prevent these seizures, which can occur even at temperatures of 38°C (100.4°F) when lowering the fever may not be beneficial.
Some parents may also explore homeopathic remedies like aconitum D12, belladonna D12, or chamomilla D12. However, these products are generally ineffective.
It is important to note that fever is the body’s natural response to fighting off infections, and sometimes it may be beneficial to let the fever run its course without immediately resorting to medication. However, if the child is uncomfortable or experiencing other symptoms along with the fever, fever-reducing medication can provide relief and help the child feel better.
Remember to always read the label and follow the instructions provided by the healthcare provider or pharmacist. It is crucial to store medications out of reach of children and to never exceed the recommended dosage. If in doubt, always consult a healthcare professional for guidance.
In addition to medication, it is essential to ensure that the child stays hydrated, gets enough rest, and eats nutritious foods to support their immune system in fighting off the infection causing the fever. Monitoring the child’s temperature regularly and keeping track of any changes or symptoms is also important in determining the effectiveness of the treatment.
If the child’s fever persists or if there are concerning symptoms, such as difficulty breathing, rash, or persistent vomiting, seek medical attention immediately. It is better to err on the side of caution when it comes to a child’s health and well-being.
Combining Medications
Research on the advantages of simultaneously administering acetaminophen and ibuprofen is insufficient. Although some studies suggest that using both medications may be more effective in reducing fever compared to individual use, potential side effects and risks of overdosing with this combination remain concerns.
Alternate recommendations propose using acetaminophen (paracetamol) and ibuprofen interchangeably, yet conclusive evidence regarding the benefits and drawbacks of this practice is lacking.
External Cooling Methods
External cooling practices like using wet towels on the lower legs or placing the child in a lukewarm bath serve to cool the body’s surface rather than reduce the fever itself.
Consuming cold beverages, wearing light clothing, and light bedding aid in cooling. Additional methods include fanning the child, applying a damp sponge or cloth, or ventilating the room appropriately. Ensuring the child’s comfort is essential while preventing overheating due to excessive clothing.
A fever indicates an elevated body temperature beyond the norm, typically triggered by an infection. Standard body temperature hovers around 37°C (plus or minus a degree, with variations among individuals), alongside minor fluctuations throughout the day and night.
Fever accompanying viral or bacterial infections results from immune system chemicals resetting the body’s internal thermostat to a higher level.
Contrary to popular belief, fever severity does not always correlate with the seriousness of the underlying condition; for instance, life-threatening meningitis may manifest with a slight temperature increase.
Most cases of mild fever resolve spontaneously within a few days. A mild fever (up to 39°C) can enhance immune system functions to combat infections. In children aged six months to six years, fever can trigger convulsions, with temperatures exceeding 42.4°C posing risks of brain damage, particularly in the elderly.
It is important to monitor a child’s fever and seek medical attention if it persists or escalates, especially if accompanied by other concerning symptoms. Keeping the child hydrated, comfortable, and ensuring proper rest is essential for managing fever effectively.
Symptoms of Fever
Fever symptoms may include:
- general malaise
- excessive perspiration
- tremors or chills
- teeth chattering
- flushed complexion
Causes of Fever
Fever commonly stems from infections, such as:
- viral diseases like colds, flu, COVID-19, or other upper respiratory tract infections
- bacterial infections including tonsillitis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections
- chronic illnesses like rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, leading to prolonged fevers
- tropical diseases like malaria featuring recurrent fevers or typhoid fever with fever as a symptom
- medication reactions causing fever as a side effect in some individuals
Fever Management Methods
Effective fever management practices encompass:
- Appropriate doses of paracetamol or ibuprofen for temperature reduction
- Ample fluid intake, mainly water consumption
- Avoiding dehydration by steering clear of alcohol, tea, and coffee
- Sponging exposed skin with lukewarm water for cooling effects
- Resting adequately, including bed rest
- Wearing light clothing and keeping the room temperature comfortable
- Monitoring the fever regularly and seeking medical attention if it persists or worsens
Consulting a Doctor
Seek medical advice under the following circumstances:
- Persistent fever after 3 days of self-care
- Temperature surpassing 40°C
- Involuntary shivering, chattering teeth
- Worsening condition over time
- Unusual symptoms like hallucinations, rash, rapid heart rate
- Confusion, drowsiness, severe headache
- Recent international travel
Additionally, it is important to consult a doctor if you experience difficulty breathing, chest pain, sudden numbness or weakness, severe abdominal pain, or any other symptoms that cause concern. Do not hesitate to seek medical attention if you are unsure about your symptoms or if they persist despite self-care measures.
Urgent Medical Attention
Prompt medical assistance is warranted if you or another person exhibit:
- Fever accompanied by headache and stiff neck
- Non-blanching rash (indication of skin hemorrhage), suggesting a severe condition
Other symptoms that may require urgent medical attention include:
- Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
- Sudden weakness or numbness on one side of the body
- Chest pain or pressure
- Severe abdominal pain
If you experience any of these symptoms, do not hesitate to seek immediate medical help.
Medical Evaluation for Fever
Identifying the underlying cause of fever is imperative before tailoring specific treatments. In cases where the cause remains unclear following medical history review and physical examination, further tests may be necessary.
It is important to keep the body well hydrated during a fever, as high temperatures can lead to fluid loss through sweating and increased respiration. Encouraging the individual to drink plenty of water and electrolyte-rich fluids can help prevent dehydration.
Over-the-counter fever-reducing medications such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen can be used to help lower a fever and provide relief from symptoms such as headache and body aches. It is important to follow the recommended dosage instructions and consult a healthcare provider if the fever persists or worsens.
Common Fever Stats
On average, children experience up to 10 infections annually.
Body temperature is not always indicative of illness in babies and toddlers; a slightly elevated temperature may not necessarily correspond to significant discomfort or health issues.
Consult a doctor promptly if your child exhibits any concerning symptoms.
Acknowledgements
If your child is running a fever, it’s important to monitor their body temperature using a thermometer. Remember that a fever is just a sign and may not always indicate a serious illness. Thermometers can be purchased at a pharmacy and typically come with instructions for use.
Treatment for fever in children
- Dress your child in light clothing
- Encourage them to drink clear fluids
- Keep them in a cool environment
- Provide the appropriate dose of paracetamol if necessary
- Consult a doctor if your child is under 3 months old
- Avoid giving them cold baths
Fever can cause convulsions
A febrile convulsion is a seizure that may occur in babies and children with high fevers. It is not a form of epilepsy and is unlikely to cause brain damage.
- Loss of consciousness
- Twitching and jerking movements
- Difficulty breathing
- Foaming at the mouth
- Pale or bluish skin tone
- Rolling of the eyes
- Takes more than 15 minutes to fully wake up
In case of a convulsion:
Fever is a common occurrence in children and usually resolves on its own. Using a thermometer can help you determine if your child has a fever.
What causes a high temperature?
Most fevers in children are caused by infections, which create conditions that are hostile to bacteria and viruses.
Possible causes of fever include:
- Respiratory Tract Infections (RTIs)
- Ear infections
- Roseola
- Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
- Illnesses like chickenpox
Additionally, vaccinations or overheating can elevate body temperature.
When to seek medical help
Phone 999 if your child:
- Stiff neck
- Rash that doesn’t fade under pressure
- Sensitivity to light
- First-time seizure
- Cold hands and feet
- Pale or mottled skin
- Abnormal crying
- Difficulty waking up
- Any other concerning signs
Contact your GP if:
- Temperature of 39°C or higher (for children over 3 months old)
- Signs of illness accompanying the fever
- Fever lasting for 5 days or more
- Persistent vomiting
- Signs of dehydration
If you’re unable to reach your GP, contact 111 for advice. Remember, if your child appears to be well, the illness may not be severe. It’s always better to seek medical advice if you are unsure about any symptoms or changes in your child’s health.
Treating a fever
Keep your child hydrated by offering them fluids such as water. Dress them appropriately and avoid using cool water to lower their fever. It is also important to monitor your child’s temperature regularly and contact a healthcare provider if the fever persists or if your child is experiencing other concerning symptoms.
Medicine to reduce fever (antipyretics)
Antipyretics like paracetamol can help reduce fever. Always follow the recommended dosage based on your child’s age and weight. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider before giving any medication to ensure it is safe and appropriate for your child.
More serious illnesses
If your child displays concerning symptoms along with a fever, seek medical attention promptly.
UNDERSTANDING FEVER IN BABIES
What is a fever ? Is it serious ?
Fever is the body’s natural response to an infection. However, it can also occur when a child is overheated or during the teething process.
Fevers can be concerning in cases of diseases like meningitis or bronchiolitis. If a fever lasts more than 48 hours or is accompanied by other symptoms, it’s important to take precautions.
Fevers in babies under six months old require special attention.
How to recognize a fever in a baby ?
Signs of fever may include hot and dry skin, loss of appetite, lethargy, paleness, fatigue, glassy eyes, and increased crying. Confirm the presence of a fever by using a thermometer.
At which temperature should you consider a baby to have a fever ?
A baby’s temperature is typically considered a fever when it rises above 38°C. The specific fever thresholds may vary depending on the method of temperature measurement and the age of the baby.
- Rectal thermometer: Different thresholds for babies under and over three months old
- Oral thermometer: Fever is indicated above 38°C
- Underarm thermometer: Threshold is 37.5°C
What should be done if a baby has a fever ?
In addition to medical care, it’s important to ensure that your baby is kept at a comfortable temperature. Maintain a calm and cool environment.
WHAT TO DO TO SOOTHE A FEVERISH BABY
Help your baby feel comfortable by removing heavy clothing, keeping the room cool, and avoiding sudden changes in temperature. Regularly offer your baby fluids to prevent dehydration. You can use a cool, damp cloth to help them feel better when they have a high fever. Make sure to monitor their fever and seek medical advice if necessary.
Recommended medication to reduce fever in babies
Paracetamol is a common medication used to reduce a baby’s fever. Ibuprofen and aspirin can also be used, but not in infants under three months old. Always consider your child’s age and weight when administering medication and consult a healthcare professional if needed.
Natural solutions to reduce fever in babies
In addition to medical interventions, there are natural remedies that can help lower a child’s fever. These remedies are suitable for children over six months of age.
Vegetable juices or broths
Offering blended vegetable liquids can boost the immune system and reduce the impact of a fever. Vegetable juices and broths are light, flavorful, refreshing, thirst-quenching, and energizing.
Potato slices
Placing slices of potato on the baby’s feet can help lower their fever; remember to replace them regularly.
Aloe vera
To provide relief from a fever, place slices of aloe vera on the baby’s forehead to help cool them down.
Essential oils
Consult a healthcare professional before using essential oils. Certain oils like ravintsara, lavender, thyme, eucalyptus radiata, niaouli, and tea tree can help reduce fever in babies over six months. Consider using essential oil blends in foot baths or for gentle massages to soothe your baby’s fever.
In conclusion, there are effective methods to manage a baby’s fever. Identify the underlying cause and prioritize your child’s health by seeking guidance from a healthcare provider if necessary.