Addressing Childhood Constipation

If your child is having trouble with their bowel movements, they might be experiencing constipation.

Constipation can show up in different ways in children. Some may have large, painful stools, while others may struggle with small, hard stools.

Consistent accidents during bowel movements can also be a sign of constipation.

Encopresis, which is unintentional bowel movements, can indicate constipation. Chronic constipation can also lead to trouble controlling bowel movements, with many encopresis cases being linked to this condition.

This video offers guidance for parents and kids on spotting the signs of chronic constipation, managing it, and finding additional resources at Children’s Mercy.

Functional constipation in children can also be influenced by certain psychological factors, such as stress, anxiety, or fear of using the toilet. This can lead to a vicious cycle where the child avoids using the toilet, exacerbating the constipation.

It is important for parents and caregivers to be aware of the signs and symptoms of constipation in children, such as abdominal pain, difficulty passing stools, and infrequent bowel movements. Early recognition and intervention can help prevent chronic constipation and its associated complications.

In addition to addressing the physical aspects of constipation through dietary changes, hydration, and regular exercise, it is crucial to provide emotional support to children experiencing constipation. Encouraging open communication and creating a positive and relaxed environment around toilet habits can help alleviate psychological barriers that contribute to functional constipation.

Additional Information on Chronic Constipation

Straining during bowel movements
Belly pain or cramping
Bloating and gas
Hard stools
Feeling like there is still stool left after going to the bathroom
Rectal bleeding
Feeling like you can’t fully empty your bowels
Intestinal blockages

Causes of Chronic Constipation in Children

There are several factors that can contribute to chronic constipation in children, including:

Diet low in fiber
Not drinking enough fluids
Lack of physical activity
Stress or emotional issues
Changes in routine or schedule
Side effects of certain medications

When to Seek Medical Help

If your child is experiencing chronic constipation, it is important to consult a healthcare provider. Seek medical help if your child’s symptoms persist, worsen, or if they experience any alarming symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, vomiting, or weight loss.

Understand the Challenges of Childhood Constipation

Childhood constipation is a common issue that can cause discomfort and pain for children. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including diet, hydration, and lack of physical activity. Recognizing the symptoms of constipation in children is important so that it can be effectively treated.
Some common symptoms of childhood constipation include infrequent bowel movements, hard or lumpy stools, abdominal pain, and straining during bowel movements. If left untreated, constipation can lead to complications such as anal fissures, hemorrhoids, and fecal impaction.
Treatment for childhood constipation usually involves dietary changes, increased water intake, and physical activity. Fiber-rich foods, such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, can help promote regular bowel movements. Encouraging children to drink plenty of water and engage in regular physical activity can also help prevent constipation.
If dietary and lifestyle changes do not relieve constipation, laxatives or stool softeners may be recommended by a healthcare provider. It is important for parents to consult with a healthcare professional if their child is experiencing persistent constipation to determine the best course of treatment.
Overall, understanding the challenges of childhood constipation and taking proactive steps to address it can help prevent discomfort and promote better digestive health in children.

Constipation is a common childhood issue, and discussing it can be uncomfortable for both kids and parents. It’s important to acknowledge that everyone faces bowel movement challenges at some point.

Feeling anxious when the body isn’t functioning as usual is normal.
Most people experience bowel movement difficulties.

Children dealing with functional constipation need support and encouragement to manage it effectively.

Constipation Across Ages

Chronic constipation can affect individuals at any age, especially during major transitions like potty training.

Additional Information on Bowel Movements and Constipation

Rectum: The final section of the large intestine where feces are stored before being expelled. It plays a key role in bowel movements.

Hydration: Drinking enough water is essential for maintaining regular bowel movements and preventing constipation.

Dietary fiber: Foods high in fiber, such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, help promote healthy digestion and prevent constipation.

Exercise: Physical activity can stimulate bowel movements and improve overall gastrointestinal function.

Medical conditions: Certain health issues, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or thyroid disorders, can contribute to chronic constipation.

Medications: Some medications, such as opioid painkillers or certain antidepressants, can cause constipation as a side effect.

Lifestyle factors: Stress, lack of physical activity, and ignoring the urge to have a bowel movement can all contribute to constipation.

Consult a healthcare provider: If you experience persistent constipation or other concerning symptoms related to bowel movements, it is important to seek medical advice for proper evaluation and treatment.

Strategies for Promoting Healthy Bowel Movements in Children

Addressing Stubborn Cases of Constipation

Simply boosting fiber and fluids may not resolve chronic constipation in severe cases. Additional treatments beyond dietary changes are available.

Introducing a “Cleanout” Procedure

In some situations, dietary tweaks, hydration, exercise, and schedule adjustments are not enough. Doctors might recommend a “cleanout” process to effectively restart bowel movements by administering high doses of laxatives over several days.

Consistent Constipation Management

Constipation treatment takes time; a single bowel movement does not indicate a cure. After a cleanout, ongoing maintenance is necessary to prevent stool buildup recurrence.

Supportive Measures During the Cleanout

Though challenging, the cleanout procedure can break the constipation cycle. Providing support can facilitate the process for constipated children:

Focus on the cleanout exclusively during treatment.
Maintain a positive demeanor and offer praise for progress.
Stay by the child’s side and consume fluids together during treatment.
Ensure compliance with medication schedules to avoid missed doses.
Administer doses before meals and encourage hydration through exercise and snacks.
Vary the approach with different liquids, rewards, and positive reinforcement.

Helping Children Establish a Regular Toilet Routine

Set a specific time to promote a routine for bowel movements.
Start with short intervals on the toilet and gradually increase duration.
Prompt children to use the restroom instead of asking if they need to.
Celebrate each successful visit to the toilet and maybe offer a small reward.
Engage children with distractions like books or toys during toilet time.
Be patient during any tantrums; consistency is key.
Stay committed as disruptive behavior may worsen before improving.

Causes of Constipation in Children

There are several factors that can contribute to constipation in children, including:

Inadequate fluid intake
Diet low in fiber
Lack of physical activity
Changes in routine or diet
Emotional stress or anxiety
Medical conditions such as hypothyroidism or irritable bowel syndrome

Signs and Symptoms

It is important to be aware of the signs and symptoms of constipation in children. These may include:

Infrequent bowel movements
Hard or dry stools
Painful bowel movements
Belly pain or bloating
Straining during bowel movements

Prevention and Management

To prevent constipation in children, it is important to encourage a balanced diet rich in fiber, adequate hydration, and regular physical activity. Establishing a routine for bowel movements can also be helpful.

If your child is experiencing persistent constipation despite these measures, it is important to seek medical advice and consider a consultation at a specialized clinic like the BRICK Clinic at Children’s Mercy.

Remember, early intervention and appropriate management can help your child overcome constipation and lead a happy, healthy life.

Recognizing Symptoms of Constipation in Children

Symptoms of constipation in children may include lack of energy, irritability, soiling, hard stools, and pain or bleeding during bowel movements.

For breastfed babies, it’s normal for them to go several days without a bowel movement.

Importance of Hydration

Ensuring your child stays well-hydrated is essential in preventing and managing constipation. Encourage them to drink plenty of water throughout the day, as dehydration can contribute to constipation.

Avoiding Certain Foods

Avoid giving your child foods that can worsen constipation, such as dairy products, processed foods, and sugary snacks. Instead, focus on incorporating foods that are known to promote regular bowel movements.

Involving a Dietitian

If dietary changes alone are not effective in managing your child’s constipation, consider consulting a dietitian for personalized advice. They can help create a meal plan tailored to your child’s needs to improve their bowel health.

Emphasizing Relaxation Techniques

Teach your child relaxation techniques like deep breathing or visualization exercises to help reduce stress and anxiety, which can contribute to constipation. Creating a calm and peaceful environment during bowel movements can also be helpful.

Monitoring Progress

Keep track of your child’s bowel movements and any changes in their symptoms. This information can be valuable in adjusting their treatment plan and ensuring they are on the right path to overcoming constipation.

Causes of constipation in children

Factors that can trigger constipation in children include changes in diet, toilet training, and emotional stress.

Possible causes may include not enough fiber in the diet, inadequate hydration, overfeeding, fear of using the toilet, or ineffective toilet training.

Medical issues can also play a role in childhood constipation.

Page last reviewed: 31 October 2021
Next review due: 31 October 2024

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The objective is for your child to have daily soft stools. If simple measures don’t work, consider using laxatives.

Here are some additional tips for treating constipation in children:

Encourage your child to drink plenty of water throughout the day.
Incorporate more fiber-rich foods into their diet, such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
Ensure they are getting enough physical activity, as exercise can help stimulate bowel movements.
Establish a regular bathroom routine and encourage your child to use the toilet at the same time each day.
If constipation persists, consult with your healthcare provider to determine the best course of treatment.

Also in Constipation

For more information, visit zero.govt.nz for KidsHealth resources and contact Healthline at 0800 611 116 for medical guidance.

Healthline provides a round-the-clock telephone health service; in case of emergencies, dial 111.

It is important to stay hydrated and include plenty of fiber in your diet to help prevent constipation. Regular exercise can also help promote healthy bowel function. If constipation persists, it is important to consult with a healthcare provider for further evaluation and treatment options.

Key points about constipation treatment in children

Encourage your child to drink more fluids, eat fiber-rich foods, and exercise regularly.
Promote regular toilet visits twice a day.
If necessary, consider using laxatives.
Ensure your child has a balanced diet including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and plenty of water.
Encourage your child to have regular physical activity to help with bowel movements.
Consider discussing with your child’s healthcare provider if constipation persists or if you have concerns.

Simple measures to try first for constipation

Ensure your child stays hydrated, especially in warm weather.
Incorporate more fiber, fruits, and vegetables into their diet.
Offer apple juice or KiwiCrush daily (except for infants under 12 months).
Encourage regular toilet visits and physical activity.

High sugar content in fruit juice and medications can affect dental health.

Increasing fibre in your child’s diet

Fiber helps soften stools and regulate bowel function. Including fiber-rich foods in your child’s diet can prevent and treat constipation.

Include fruits with skin, whole grains, and legumes to boost fiber intake and support a healthy gut.

Make sure they have 3 servings of vegetables daily
Choose high-fiber cereals like bran, Weet-Bix, whole grain, or porridge
Pick wholemeal bread over white bread
Add bran to baking or regular cereal
Mix ground flax seed into cereals, soup, or smoothies
Introduce legumes like beans, peas, hummus, or lentils
Give strained prunes to babies a few times a week

Increased fiber intake should be accompanied by plenty of water.

Encouraging your child to sit on the toilet regularly

Encourage your child to use the toilet for 5 minutes after meals, twice daily.

Ensure comfort in the toilet
Use a footstool for support
Use a child-friendly toilet seat
Encourage leaning forward
Teach them to push their tummy out while going to the bathroom
Make the toilet environment child-friendly with books and toys
Consider using star charts to motivate toilet time

When to get medical help for constipation

If simple measures do not improve the situation, consult a healthcare professional if your child continues to experience constipation along with abdominal pain or soiling.

If necessary, medication may be prescribed for severe cases of constipation.

What are laxatives?

Laxatives are essential for treating long-standing constipation and soiling. Seek advice from a healthcare professional on the appropriate laxative and dosage.

Laxatives work in three ways to address constipation in children.

Some soften hard stools (stool softeners)
Some help push out stools (stimulants or emollients)
Some completely empty the bowel

Using laxatives for constipation

Long-term use of laxatives may be necessary for several months to establish regular bowel movements.

The goal is to have one soft, painless bowel movement daily. Adjust the dosage as needed to maintain regularity.

Incentives and alternative administration methods can help with compliance.

Bowel washouts for constipation

If chronic constipation persists, bowel emptying procedures may be required to restore a normal size. This is part of a comprehensive treatment plan in combination with ongoing laxative use.

Bowel washouts involve potent laxatives and may necessitate hospitalization.

Enemas and suppositories for constipation

Enemas and suppositories are cautiously used in children under medical supervision to empty the lower bowel due to potential discomfort and embarrassment.